Shan-Lu Liu
Program Director, Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, OSU Infectious Diseases Institute; Associate Director, Center for Retrovirus Research; Professor and Distinguished University Scholar
Contact
Veterinary Medicine Academic Building1900 Coffey Road
Columbus, OH 43210
Map Link
Department
Veterinary Biosciences
Center For Retrovirus Research
Professional Training and Experience
- Professor, The Ohio State University
- Associate Professor, University of Missouri-Columbia
- Assistant Professor and Canada Research Chair, McGill University
- Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Washington
- PhD in Virology and Gene Therapy, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- MS in Viral Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine (now China CDC)
- MD Henan Medical University (now Zhengzhou University School of Medicine)
Research Interests
- Host restriction to viral infection and viral countermeasures
- Viral cell-to-cell transmission
- Innate/adaptive immunity and sensing to viral infection
- Mechanisms of viral membrane fusion and entry
- Cell signaling, viral oncogenes, and human lung cancer
- Model viruses of study – HIV, Ebola virus, SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A virus, Zika virus, hepatitis C virus, and oncogenic sheep retroviruses
Research News and Interviews
NIH Director’s Blog
https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2022/03/01/how-covid-19-immunity-holds-up-over-time/
How COVID-19 Immunity Holds Up Over Time
Scientific America
Omicron’s Surprising Anatomy Explains Why It Is Wildly Contagious
Science News
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/covid-coronavirus-omicron-variant-mutation-infectious
How omicron’s mutations make it the most infectious coronavirus variant yet
American Society for Microbiology
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/covid-coronavirus-omicron-variant-mutation-infectious/
Comments on "Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization
AP News
Dominant coronavirus mutant contains ghost of pandemic past
National Geographic
Why Omicron variants BA.4 and BA.5 are causing fresh U.S. outbreaks
NBC National News
BA.5 is no longer dominant in the U.S. for the first time since July, as two new subvariants take over
The Daily Beast
Scientists Fear new COVID Strains Are Deadly - Just Like 2020 Wave
AP News
https://apnews.com/article/science-health-china-covid-306b688d84e31a9462f82d0ead1f4584
China's COVID-19 surge raises odds of new coronavirus mutant
South China Morning Post
China can expect repeat COVID infectioins with new Omicron strains on the way, scientists say
CBS News
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bf7-new-omicron-coronavirus-variant-covid/
BF.7: What to know about the Omicron COVID variant
Fortune
What's CH.1.1? Meet 'Orthrus,' a new wildcard Omicron strain with a concerning Delta mutation
NBC News
What to know about the EG.5 coronavirus subvariant, now dominant in the U.S.
Fortune
New, highly mutated COVID variants 'Pirola' BA.2.86 and JN.1 may cause more severe disease, new studies suggest
The Sun (UK edition)
https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/25297693/covid-jn-ba-omicron-variant-severe-lung-cells/
'ELEVATED THREAT' Worst bout of COVID ever? New variant 'fuses to lung cells faster - and may be more severe'
BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240719-why-covid-19-is-spreading-this-summer
Why COVID-10 is spreading this summer
National Geographic
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/covid-flirt-variants-summer-surge-update
We're having a COVID summer surge. How worried are experts about winter?
Research Projects
1. IFITM restriction of viral infection
The interferon (IFN) system is the first line of host defense against pathogen invasion, including viral infections. Shortly after IFN induction or viral infection, cells express hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that modulate diverse biological processes, including the establishment of antiviral states. The IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein family belongs to a group of small ISGs (~15 kD) that block the early stages of viral replication. Specifically, IFITM proteins restrict entry of a wide range of viruses, including highly pathogenic influenza A virus (IAV), SARS coronarvirus, Ebolavirus (EBOV), and HIV.
Recent work from our lab and others showed that IFITM proteins inhibit cell-cell fusion by IAV HA, Semliki Forest virus (SFV) E1, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G proteins, which represent class I, II and III viral fusion proteins, respectively. Interestingly, we have found that some viruses are more sensitive than others to inhibition by particular types of IFITMs, suggesting that IFITM-mediated restriction of viral entry can be virus-strain specific and IFITM-species dependent (Li et al, PLoS Pathogens 2013). Indeed, we showed that IFITM2 and IFITM3, but not IFITM2, specifically interact with HIV-1 Env, thus inhibiting its processing and viral infectivity (Yu et al, Cell Reports, 2015). Currently, we are using a variety of biophysical, biochemical, forward genetics, as well as molecular approaches to dissect the distinct mechanisms of IFITM restriction of viral entry and cell-cell spread. The model viruses applied to this project include IAV, Ebola virus (EBOV), and HIV-1.
2. Viral entry, fusion and cell-to-cell transmission
Entry is the first step of viral replication and essential for viral pathogenesis. While the core mechanism of virus fusion and entry is known, it remains poorly understood how exactly viral fusion proteins are activated and how the entry process is controlled for most pathogenic animal viruses. The objective of this project is to better understand the mechanisms of membrane fusion and entry by EBOV and Zika virus. We are particularly focused on cellular and viral factors in the fusion triggering and entry process, including receptor binding, low pH, and additional cellular and viral determinants.
EBOV is a highly pathogenic filovirus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, with a fatality rate of up to 90%. Currently, there is no effective antiviral drug or FDA-approved vaccine against this deadly virus. Entry of EBOV into host cell is mediated by its sole glycoprotein, known as GP. It is believed that EBOV enters host cells through macropinocytosis, which is initiated by the binding of EBOV GP to attachment factors or cell surface receptors, such as DC-SIGN and TIM-1.Following the uptake of viral particles into late endosome and lysosome, GP is cleaved by cellular proteases, especially cathepsin L (CatL) and B (CatB), to a 19 kDa intermediate. The 19 kDa species then binds to human Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), the newly identified intracellular receptor of EBOV in endolysosomes, where virus-cell membrane fusion takes place. One recent interesting finding from our lab, in collaboration with Fredric Cohen’s lab at Rush University, is that low pH per se is not a trigger but that low pH-dependent cathepsin’s activity is critical for GP-mediated fusion (Markosan and Miao et al, PLoS Pathogens, 2016). Current experiments are focused on the exact mechanisms of triggering and fusion, with an ultimate goal to develop novel fusion inhibitors against EBOV. Similar efforts have been put on Zika virus, a flavivirus family member with distinct biological properties that are associated with microcephaly and neuronal damaging.
Because cell-to-cell transmission has been shown to be more efficient than the cell-free virus infection, we are also currently investigating viral and cellular factors that regulate EBOV and HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission.
3. TIM, SERINC and HIV Nef
We recently discovered that TIM-family proteins potently inhibit release of HIV and other viruses in addition to promoting viral entry (Li et al. PNAS USA, 2014). Specifically, we showed that expression of TIM-1 protein potently blocks HIV-1 Gag release, resulting in accumulation of mature viral particles on the plasma membrane. Notably, TIM-1 mutants deficient for PS binding are incapable of blocking HIV-1 release. The inhibitory effect of TIM family proteins on viral release can be extended to some other PS receptors, including AxL and RAGE, underscoring a general role of PS in HIV and other viral infections.
More recently, we showed that the Nef proteins of HIV-1 and other lentiviruses antagonize TIM-mediated restriction. HIV-1 Nef does not down-regulate the overall level of TIM-1 expression but promotes its internalization from the plasma membrane and sequesters its expression in intracellular compartments. Interestingly, coexpression of SERINC3 or SERINC5 increases the expression of TIM-1 on the plasma membrane and potentiates TIM-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 production (Li, et al, PNAS, 2019). Current project is to understand how WERINC proteins functionally interact with TIM-1, and perhaps other lipid modulating proteins, to restrict infection by lentiviruses and other viral pathogens, including through IFN and NF-kB pathway (Zeng, et al, Science Signaling, 2021).
4. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: convergent evolution and immune imprinting
Understanding the complexities of the immune response to SARS-C0V-2, including convergent evolution and immune imprinting, is critical for developing effective public health strategies and improving vaccine design to combat the ongoing pandemic and future infectious disease threats (Evans and Liu, J Immunol, 2024). Upon infection, the human immune system responds by activating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2 aim to mimic the virus to elicit an immune response without causing disease. COVID-19 vaccination has proven effective in preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and death, and in reducing the spread of the virus. However, continued SARS-CoV-2 evolution, notably convergent mutations in the spike protein, generates variants with enhanced immune evasion, resulting in reduced vaccine efficacy (Qu et al, NEJM, 2022; Evans et al, Cell Host Microbe, 2022; Faraone et al, Cell Reps, 2023). In addition, immune imprinting, also known as original antigenic sin, occurs when the immune system preferentially recalls and mounts a response based on the first encounter with an antigen, impacting the effectiveness of vaccines and natural immunity. Current efforts in the lab focus on understanding the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 evolution, the mechanisms of immune imprinting, and designing strategies for novel vaccine development.
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY SERVICE
- 2024-2028, Subcommittee of Election, American Academy of Microbiology (AAM)
- 2025-2026, President, American Society for Virology (ASV)
- 2024-2025, President-elect, American Society for Virology (ASV)
- 2024, Chair and Local Host, Organizing Committee, 43rd American Society for Virology Annual Meeting, June 24-28, 2024, Columbus, Ohio
- 2024, Co-chair, International Conference on Life Sciences and 19th SCBA/14th CBIS Joint Biennial Symposium, July 25-30, Guiyang, China
- 2022-2023, President, Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America (SCBA)
- 2020, Chair, Opening session, Viruses 2020 - Novel Concepts in Virology, Barcelona, Spain, February 5-7, 2020
- 2019-2022, program committee, American Society for Virology (ASV)
- 2019, Organizer, 1st Midwest Virology Symposium, October 11-13, Columbus, Ohio, 2019
- 2017-2019, Chair, Graduate Student/Postdoctoral Fellow Travel Award Committee, American Society for Virology (ASV)
- 2016, Session Chair, Nature Microbiology Conference on Viral Infection and Immune Response, October 21-23, 2016
- 2015-2017, Graduate Student/Postdoctoral Fellow Travel Award Committee, American Society for Virology (ASV)
- 2014, Session Chair, Keystone Symposia Conference: Virion Assembly and Post-Assembly Maturation, The Ins and Outs of Viral Infections: Entry, Assembly, Exit and Spread. March 30-April 4, 2014, Breckenridge, CO, USA
- 2012-2015, Program Planning Committee and Abstract Reviewer, American Society for Virology (ASV)
- 2008-2012, Membership Committee, American Society for Virology (ASV)
SCIENTIFIC HONORS, AWARDS, and PRIZES
- 2025-2026, President, American Society for Virology (ASV)
- 2024-2025, President-elect, American Society for Virology (ASV)
- 2022-2023, President, Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America (SCBA)
- 2020- Elected Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
- 2020 Zoetis Award for Veterinary Research Excellence, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine
- 2018-2020, Founding President, Association of Chinese Virology in America (ACVA) and Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America (SCBA) - Virology Division
- 2018- Councilor, Seattle Chinese Biomedical Association
- 2018 Elected Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology (AAM)
- 2005-2010 Canada Research Chair in Virology and Gene Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP
- 2015 - American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
- 2012 - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
- 2009 - Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America (SCBA)
- 2015 - Chinese Biological Investigator Society (CBIS)
- 2007 - American Society for Virology (ASV)
- 2005 - American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
RESEARCH GRANT REVIEW
- National Institutes of Health (NIH, Virology B study section, standing member, 2016-2022)
- Wellcome Trust (UK)
- Medical Research Council (UK)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), COVID-19 Emergency FOA review panel (2020, 2021)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH, Virology B study section, ad hoc reviewer, 2014-2016)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (Canada)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) (Canada)
- Canada Research Chair Program (CRC) (Canada)
- INSERM (France)
- Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF) (Hong Kong)
- Research Grants Council (Hong Kong)
EDITORIAL BOARD
- Editor, Journal of Virology (2023- )
- Guest Editor, PNAS (2022- )
- Guest Editor, mBio (2021- )
- Associate Editor, Viruses (2017- )
- Guest Associate Editor, PLoS Pathogens (2018- )
- Guest Editor, Special issue “Frontiers on Virology and COVID-19”, Cell & Bioscience (2021- )
- Guest Editor, Special issue “Viral Glycoprotein Incorporation” in Viruses (2013)
- Guest Editor, Special issue "Viral Mechanisms of Viral Fusion and Applications in Antivirals", Viruses (2019)
- Editorial Board Member, Journal of Virology (2014- )
- Editorial Board Member, Virology (2013-2016)
- Editorial Board Member, Viruses (2012-)
AD HOC JOURNAL REVIEWS
Science, PNAS, Cell, Science Advance, Journal of Virology, Journal of Immunology, Virology, New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, mBio, iScience, Cancer Research, Cell Reports, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal of General Virology, Journal of Virological Methods, Current Opinions in Virology, Cell & Bioscience, JCI Insight, European Journal of Cancer, FASEB Journal, Viruses Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Cancer Research, Molecular Cancer, Retrovirology, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, AIDS Research and Retroviruses, PLoS
Neglected Tropical Diseases, PLoS Pathogens, ACS Nano, Journal of Medical Virology, Emerging Microbes and Infections, Nature Microbiology, Nature Immunology, Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publications
Selected Publications:
- Li, P, Faraone, C. C. Hsu, M. Chamblee, Y.-M. Zheng, J. C. Carlin, J. S. Bednash, J. C. Horowitz, R. K. Mallampalli, DL. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, D. Jones, R.J. Gumina, K. Xu, and S.-L. Liu*. 2024. Characteristics of JN.1-derived SARS-CoV-2 Subvariants SLip, FLiRT, and KP.2 in Neutralization Escape, Infectivity and Membrane Fusion . Cell Reps. 43: 114520.
- Li, P, Y Liu, Faraone, C. C. Hsu, M. Chamblee, Y.-M. Zheng, J. C. Carlin, J. S. Bednash, J. C. Horowitz, R. K. Mallampalli, DL. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, D. Jones, R.J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu*. 2024. Distinct Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.87.1 and JN.1 Variants in Immune Evasion, Antigenicity and Cell-Cell Fusion. 2024. mBio. 8;15(5):e0075124.
- Qu, P, K. Xu, J. Faraone, N. Goodarzi, Y.-M. Zheng, J. C. Carlin, J. S. Bednash, J. C. Horowitz, R. K. Mallampalli, DL. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, D. Jones, R.J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu*. 2024. Immune Evasion, Infectivity, and Fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 and FLip Variants. Cell.187: 585-595.
- Faraone, J.N, X. Wang, P. Qu, Y.-M. Zheng, E. Vincent, H. Xu*, and S.-L. Liu*. 2024. Neutralizing Antibody Response to Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 XBB Variants in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques. J Med Virol. 96(3):e29520.
- Evans, J. P, and S.-L. Liu*. 2023. Challenges and Prospects in Developing Future SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Overcoming Original Antigenic Sin and Inducing Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies. J Immunol. 211(10):1459-1467
- Faraone, J and S.-L. Liu*. 2023. Immune Imprinting as a Barrier to Effective COVID-19 Vaccines. Cell Rep Med. 4(11):101291.
- Faraone, J, P. Qu, N. Goodarzi, Y.-M. Zheng, C. Carlin, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, D. Jones, R.J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu*. 2023. Immune Evasion and Membrane Fusion of SARS-CoV-2 XBB Subvariants EG.5.1 and XBB.2.3. Emerging Microbes & Infection. 12(2):2270069.
- Faraone, J, P. Qu, Y.-M. Zheng, C. Carlin, D. Jones, A. Panchal, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, R.J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu*. 2023. Continued Evasion of Neutralizing Antibody Response by Omciron XBB.1.6. Cell Reports. 42(10):113193.
- Qu, P, J. Faraone, J. P. Evans, Y.-M. Zheng, J. C. Carlin, M. Anghelina, P. Stevens, S. Fernandez, D. Jones, A. Panchal, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, B. Zhang, T. Zhou, K. Xu, R.J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu*. 2023. Enhanced Evasion of Neutralizing Antibody Response to Omicron XBB.1.5, CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 Subvariants. Cell Reports. 42, 11244.
- Liu, S.-L*, L. Su, K. Luo, K. Li, G. Chen, X. Zhang, B. Zhao, R. Yuan, Y. Yang, L. Zou, C. He, J. Yang, L. He, Y. Li, D. Wang, Z. Suo, G. P. Kusakawa, and Y. Huang Y. US "China initiatives" promote racial bias. 2023. Science, May 26;380(6647):804.
- Qu, P, J. P. Evans, C. Kurhade, C. Zeng, Y.-M. Zheng, K. Xu, P.-Y. Shi, X. Xie, and S.-L. Liu*. 2023. Determinants and Mechanisms of the Low Fusogenicity and Endosomal Entry of Omicron Subvariants. mBio. e03176-22.
- Faraone, J., Qu, P, J. P. Evans, Y.-M. Zheng, J. C. Carlin, M. Anghelina, P. Stevens, S. Fernandez, D. Jones, G. Lozanski, A. Panchal, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz1, R.J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu*. 2023. Enhanced Neutralization Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB, BR.2 and BA.2.3.20 Subvariants. Cell Reports Medicine. 4(5):101049.
- Xu, J, Y.-M. Zhang, P. Qu, M. M. Shamseldi, S. Yoo, J. Misny, I. Thongpan, M. KC, J. M. Hall, J. P. Evans, M. Eltobgy, M. Lu, C. Ye, M. Chamblee, X. Liang, L. Martinez-Sobrido, A. Amer, J. Yount, P. N Boyaka, M. E. Peeples, S.-L. Liu, P. Dubey, J. Li. 2023. A next generation trivalent MMS vaccine induces durable and broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. PNAS. 120(41): e2220403120.
- Brown, G. Gunsch, K. Corps, S. Chaiwatpongsakorn, M. KC, M. Lu, R. Deora, M.E. Peeples, J. Li, K. Oestreich, S.-L. Liu, J. Yount, and P. Dubey. 2023. Prime-Pull Immunization of Mice with a BcfA-Adjuvanted Vaccine Elicits Sustained Mucosal Immunity That Prevents SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathology. 2023. J Immunol. 210(9):1257-1271.
- Qu, P, J. P. Evans, J. Faraone, Y.-M. Zheng, C. Carlin, M. Anghelina, P. Stevens, S. Fernandez, D. Jones, G. Lozanski, A. Panchal, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz1, K. Xu, R.J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu*. 2022. Enhanced Neutralization Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7 and BA.2.75.2 Subvariants. Cell Host & Microbe. 31(1):9-17.e3.
- Qu, P, J. P. Evans, Y.-M. Zheng, C. Carlin, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, K. Xu, R. J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu. * 2022. Evasion of Neutralizing Antibody Responses of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 Variants. Cell Host & Microbe. S1931-3128(22)00471-1.
- Evans, J. P, C. Zeng, P. Qu, Y.-M. Zheng, C. Carlin, J. S. Bednash, G. Lozanski, R. Mallampalli, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, P. Mohler, R. J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu. * 2022. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Deltacron and BA.3 Variants. New England Journal of Medicine. 386: 2340-2342.
- Qu, P, J. Faraone, J. P. Evans, Y.-M. Zheng, C. Carlin, J. S. Bednash, G. Lozanski, R. Mallampalli, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, P. Mohler, R. J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu. * 2022. Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 Subvariants. New England Journal of Medicine. 386: 2526-2528.
- Qu, P, J. Faraone, J. P. Evans, Y.-M. Zheng, L. Yu, Q. Ma, C. Carlin, G. Lozanski, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, R. J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu. * 2022. Durability of Booster mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 Subvariants. New England Journal of Medicine. In Press. Sept 7, 2022.
- Evans, J. P, C. Zeng, P. Qu, J. Faraone, Y.-M. Zheng, C. Carlin, J. S. Bednash, T. Zhou, G. Lozanski, R. Mallampalli, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, P. Mohler, K. Xu, R. J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu. * 2022. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sub-lineages BA.1, BA.1.1 and BA.2 and BA. Cell Host & Microbe. S1931-3128(22)00220-7.
- Cui, Z, C. Zeng, F. Huang, F. Yuan, J. Yan, Y. Zhao, J. Huang, H. F. Staats, Jeffrey I. Everitt, G. D. Sempowski, H. Wang1, Y. Dong3*, S.-L. Liu*, and Q. Wang*. 2022. Cas13d knockdown of lung protease Ctsl prevents and treats SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature Chemical Biology. July 25, 2022. doi: 10.1038/s41589-022-01094-4.
- Tang, J., C. Zeng, T. M. Cox,C. Li, Y. M. Son, I. S. Cheon, Y. Wu, S. Behl, J. J. Taylor, R. Chakaraborty, A. J. Johnson, D. N Shiavo, J. P. Utz, J. S. Reisenauer, D. E. Midthun, J. J. Mullon, E. S. Edell, M. G. Alameh, L. Borish, M. H. Kaplan, D. Weissman, R. Kern, H. Hu, R. Vassallo, S.-L. Liu*, and J. Sun*. 2022. Respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 following mRNA vaccination. Science Immunology. July 19, 2022. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4853.
- Azar, J., J. P. Evans, M. Sikorski, K. Chakravarthy, S. McKenney, I. Carmody, C. Zeng, R. Teodorescu, N. J. Song, J. Hamon, D. Bucci, M. Velegraki, C. Bolyard, K. P. Weller, S. Reisinger, S. A. Bhat, K. J. Maddocks, R. J. Gumina, A. N. Vlasova, E. M. Oltz, L. J. Saif, D. Chung, J. A. Woyach, P. G. Shields, S.-L. Liu*, Z. Li*, M. P. Rubinstein*. 2022. Suppression of de novo antibody responses against SARS-CoV2 and the Omicron variant after mRNA vaccination and booster in patients with B cell malignancies undergoing active treatment, but maintenance of pre-existing antibody levels against endemic viruses. JCI Insight. In Revision.
- Abdelhamid, A. G, J. N. Faraone, J. P. Evans, S.-L. Liu, and A. E. Yousef. 2022. SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Foodborne Pathogens: Intriguing Commonalities and Obvious Differences. Pathogens. July 27, 2022. doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080837.
- Evans, J. P., C. Zeng, C. Carlin, G. Lozanski, L. J. Saif, E. M. Oltz, R. J. Gumina, and S.-L. Liu*. 2022. Neutralizing Antibody Responses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Wane Over Time and are Boosted by Breakthrough Infection. Sci Transl Med. 14 (637): eabn8057.
- Zeng C, J.P., Evans, K. Chakravarthy, P. Qu, S. Reisinger, N.-J. Song N, M.P. Rubinstein M, P.G. Shields, Z. Li Z, and S.-L. Liu*. 2022. COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccines elicit strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in patients with cancer. Cancer Cell. Dec 30: S1535-6108(21)00688-7.
- Zeng C, J. P., Evans JP, T, King, Y.-M. Zheng, E. M., Oltz, S. P. J, Whelan, L. J. Saif, M. E., Peeples ME, and S.-L. Liu*. 2021. SARS-CoV-2 Spreads through Cell-to-Cell Transmission. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 119(1): e2111400119.
- Zeng, C, J. P. Evans, J. N. Faraone, P. Qu, Y.-M. Zheng, L. J. Saif, E. M. Otlz, G. Lozanski, R. J. Gumina and S.-L. Liu*. 2021. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Harboring Q677H. mBio. 12(5): e0251021.
- Zeng, C, A. A. Waheed, T. Li, J. Yu, Y.-M. Zheng, J. Yount, H. Wen, E.O. Freed, and S.-L. Liu*. 2021. SERINC Proteins Potentiate Antiviral Type I IFN Induction and Proinflammatory Signaling Pathways. Science Signaling 14: eabc7611, Sept 14.
- Zeng, C, J. P. Evans, S. Reisinger, J. Woyach, C. Liscynesky, Z. E. Boghdadly, M. P. Rubinstein, K. Chakravarthy, L. Saif, E. M. Oltz, R. J. Gumina, *Peter G. Shields, Z. Li*, and S.-L. Liu*. 2021. Impaired Neutralizing Antibody Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Cancer Patients. Cell & Bioscience. 11(1):197.
- Gyang, TC*, J. P. Evans, J. Miller, K. Alcorn, J. Peng, E. Bell, C. Zeng, R. J. Gumina, B. Segal, and S.-L. Liu*. 2021. Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal—Experimental, Translational and Clinical. 8(1): 20552173221087357.
- Lu, M, P. Dravid, Y. Zhang, S. Trivedi, A. Li, O. Harder, K.C. Mahesh, S. Chaiwatpongsakorn, A. Zani, A. Kenney, C. Zeng, C. Cai, C. Ye, X. Liang, M. Shimamura, S.-L. Liu, P. N Boyaka, J. Qiu, L. Martinez-Sobrido, J. Yount, M. Peeples, Kapoor, S. Niewiesk, and J. Li. 2021. A safe and highly efficacious measles virus-based vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 stabilized prefusion spike. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. Mar 23;118(12): e2026153118.
- Evans, J. P, and S.-L. Liu*. 2021. Role of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 Entry. J. Biol. Chem. 297(1):100847.
- Kim, E, Z. Attia, R. M. Woodfint, C.Zeng, S. Kim, H. E. Steiner, R. K. Shukla, N. P. M. Liyanage, J. Li, G. J. Renukaradhya, A. A. Satoskar, A. O. Amer, S.-L. Liu, E. Cormet-Boyaka, and P. N. Boyaka. 2021. Inhibition of elastase enhances the adjuvanticity of alum and promotes anti–SARS-CoV-2 systemic and mucosal immunity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 118 (34) e2102435118.
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